Achievement of High-speed Processing by Autonomous Decentralized Processing and Decentralized Algorithm in a Wired-and-Wireless Integrated IC Card Ticket System

High speed and high reliability are required of the automatic fare collection systems (AFCSs). In the congested environments, as seen in the trains and stations in Japan during rush hours, the automatic fare collection gates (AFCGs) must let the passengers pass as quickly as possible but cannot roughly handle the tickets equivalent to notes. Establishment of high speed and high reliability on wireless communications was challenging when East Japan Railway Company was developing a wireless IC card ticket system; faster processing resulted in poorer reliability. "Autonomous decentralized processing technology" and "decentralized algorithm on the fare calculations with an IC card and AFCGs" have been designed as the solutions. This paper introduces the two models - the decentralized process and the centralized one - to simulate and shows the satisfactory results on the decentralized one. These technologies are implemented to the practical "Suica" system and have proven the effectiveness