Oblivious video watermarking using temporal sensitivity of HVS

An oblivious video watermarking method is presented based on the temporal sensitivity of the human visual system (HVS). The method exploits the temporal contrast thresholds of HVS to determine the maximum strength of the watermark, which still gives imperceptible distortion after watermark insertion. Compared to other approaches in the literature, the method guarantees to avoid the flickering problem in the watermarked video and gives better robustness results to video distortions, such as additive Gaussian noise, H.263+ coding at medium bit rates and frame averaging in terms of bit error rate.