Autonomous decentralized systems: Concept, data field architecture and future trends

The concept of autonomous decentralized systems (ADSs) and their data field (DF) architecture are presented. An autonomous subsystem is defined as having autonomous controllability and autonomous coordinability, and a system is understood as the result of integration of autonomous subsystems. Autonomous subsystems are mutually connected through the DF, where all of the data are broadcast, and each subsystem independently elects to receive only the necessary data and is driven only by the received data. This architecture ensures online expansion, fault tolerance, and online maintenance of the system