Title :
The Wordometer -- Estimating the Number of Words Read Using Document Image Retrieval and Mobile Eye Tracking
Author :
Kunze, Kai ; Kawaichi, Hitoshi ; Yoshimura, Kazuki ; Kise, Kenji
Author_Institution :
Osaka Prefecture Univ., Sakai, Japan
Abstract :
We introduce the Wordometer, a novel method to estimate the number of words a user reads using a mobile eye tracker and document image retrieval. We present a reading detection algorithm which works with over 91 % accuracy over 10 test subjects using 10-fold cross validation. We implement two algorithms to estimate the read words using a line break detector. A simple version gives an average error rate of 13,5 % for 9 users over 10 documents. A more sophisticated word count algorithm based on support vector regression with an RBF kernel reaches an average error rate from only 8.2 % (6.5 % if one test subject with abnormal behavior is excluded). The achieved error rates are comparable to pedometers that count our steps in our daily life. Thus, we believe the Wordometer can be used as a step counter for the information we read to make our knowledge life healthier.
Keywords :
document image processing; image retrieval; medical image processing; object detection; radial basis function networks; regression analysis; support vector machines; 10-fold cross validation; RBF kernel; Wordometer method; document image retrieval; line break detector; mobile eye tracking; pedometers; radial basis function kernel; read words estimation; reading detection algorithm; support vector regression; word count algorithm; Accuracy; Electroencephalography; Error analysis; Feature extraction; Image retrieval; Mobile communication; Tracking; document image retrival; eye gaze; eyetracking; word count; wordometer;
Conference_Titel :
Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2013 12th International Conference on
Conference_Location :
Washington, DC
DOI :
10.1109/ICDAR.2013.14