Knowledge-management system including viewpoints as an external constraint

A knowledge management system including viewpoints as an external constraint is proposed for effective research and development (R&D) management. Examples of viewpoints are “matters of concern” (such as the commercialization of research) and “positions” (such as the head of a research centre). The effect of viewpoints as an external constraint (i.e. a computer´s guidance as an external constraint concerning the directions of specific viewpoints) is evaluated by an experiment. The results show that the knowledge management system including such viewpoints is effective. The knowledge management system is related to the approach of organizational intelligence (the integration of human and machine intelligence). “Viewpoints as an external constraint” can direct an internal view in organizational intelligence and allows us to grasp the whole creation process, including human and machine intelligence