Instrumentation and associated uncertainty for measuring EMI disturbances above 1 GHz

Measurements may be made above 1 GHz using either spectrum-analyzer-based instrumentation or receiver-based instrumentation. The instrumentation configurations are described and shown in sketches indicating the needed ancillary equipment for either basis of measurement instrumentation. The problems associated with each instrumentation basis are discussed. The discussion is related to what is being measured and the type of facility in which it is being measured. The advantages and disadvantages of several types of antennas are mentioned. Several types of test facilities are compared, and interactions between the antennas and test facilities are included. All of this is related to what must be measured, e.g., FCC requirements, the sensitivity needed and how to avoid measurement problems, such as instrument overload. Suggestions are given for optimum application of instrumentation, including antennas and test facilities. The uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation and facilities is explored, and typical expanded uncertainties are given