Fine: Fractal indexing based on neighborhood estimation

The structure of a fractal based image indexing system is described. FINE implies image space linearization, a custom clustering strategy, Peano-serialized spatial addressing, ad-hoc heuristics for improving search and specially defined distance functions. The resulting system is invariant, or at least robust, to a large class of typical variations that appear in natural images including rotations, scaling, and changes in color or illumination. The performance of FINE is illustrated, discussed and compared with other present alternatives using standard and custom-based image databases.