Study on evolutionary stable strategy of ports

The co-opetition relationship of ports is complex. In order to analyze the relationship among ports, we apply evolutionary game method to deduce long-term development trend of the relationship among ports based on Hotelling model. Research indicates under different constraint conditions, that the long-term equilibriums of ports system are competition or co-operation. However there is still a long-term co-opetition relationship among ports. With information guideline mechanism, the initial situation influences equilibrium point the ports converge at. And the path chosen and developed state are closely related to ports´ service levels, ports´ locations, land freight rate etc.