Docking System for Autonomous, Un-manned Docking Operations

Autonomous docking operations are a critical aspect of unmanned satellite servicing missions. Tender spacecraft must be able to approach the client spacecraft, maneuver into position, and then attach to facilitate the transfer of fuel, power, replacement parts, etc. The philosophical approach to the docking system design is intimately linked to the overall servicing mission. The docking system functionality must be compatible with the maneuverability capabilities of both of the spacecraft involved. This paper describes significant features and functionality of the docking system that was eventually chosen for and flown on the orbital express (OE) mission. Key analysis efforts, which included extensive dynamic modeling, are also described. Zero-g simulation tests were performed to validate the dynamic analyses. The Starsys docking system was flown and operated on the Orbital Express mission. The system performed as intended and has contributed to demonstrating the feasibility of autonomous docking and un-docking of independent spacecraft.