Title :
X-ray spectroscopic analysis of the growth of CBD-CdS buffers on flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cell structures
Author :
Wilks, R.G. ; Caballero, R. ; Song, X. ; Félix, R. ; Benkert, A. ; Gerlach, D. ; Weinhardt, L. ; Blum, M. ; Yang, W. ; Kaufmann, C.A. ; Heske, C. ; Schock, H. -W ; Bär, M.
Author_Institution :
Solar Energy Res., Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Mater. und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
Abstract :
The chemical bath deposition (CBD) of CdS layers on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (“CIGSe”) absorbers on flexible polyimide substrates is examined using a combination of soft x-ray emission (XES) and photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. For this purpose, absorbers with with varying degrees of Cu-deficiency and NaF precursor thickness were studied. From the data, a detailed picture of the chemical surface composition (in particular the carbon and oxygen contamination) of the CBD-CdS layers can be drawn. The thickness and deposition rates were determined by monitoring the CdS-induced attenuation of the In 3d5/2 XPS and In M4,5 XES signals of the absorber, finding no significant impact of Na and/or Cu content of the CIGSe.
Keywords :
X-ray photoelectron spectra; cadmium compounds; copper compounds; gallium compounds; indium compounds; polymer films; solar cells; thin film devices; CdS; CuInGaSe2; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-ray spectroscopic analysis; XES spectroscopy; XPS spectroscopy; carbon contamination; chemical bath deposition; chemical surface composition; flexible polyimide substrates; flexible thin-film solar cell structures; oxygen contamination; soft X-ray emission spectroscopy; Attenuation; Chemicals; Contamination; Photovoltaic cells; Spectroscopy; Substrates; Surface treatment; CdS buffer; chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells; interfaces; x-ray spectroscopy;
Conference_Titel :
Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2012 38th IEEE
Conference_Location :
Austin, TX
Print_ISBN :
978-1-4673-0064-3
DOI :
10.1109/PVSC.2012.6317919
