Compact Ultra-Wideband monopole antenna design for wireless communication using differential evolution optimization algorithm

An internal Ultra-Wideband (UWB) monopole antenna for use in portable wireless communication applications is presented with a compact dimensions. It consists of a radiating patch, a matching stub, and a ground plane. The effect of defected ground plane structure (DGS) is studied in addition to the effect of defected slots in the radiating patch and matching stub on the return loss (S₁₁). The Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is considered to minimize S₁₁ in the UWB frequency range by determining the appropriate antenna dimensions, the results are compared with other optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Also, the proposed antenna is built into a plastic case (ε_r = 3), having external dimensions 43.4 × 21.4 × 8.3 mm to study its effect on the radiation parameters.