Bio-inspired time synchronization for cognitive radio ad hoc networks

Harnessing the full power of the paradigm-shifting cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) hinges on solving the problem of time synchronization between the radios during the different stages of the cognitive radio cycle. The dynamic network topology, the temporal and spatial variations in spectrum availability, and the distributed multi-hop architecture of CRAHNs mandate novel solutions to achieve time synchronization and efficiently support spectrum sensing, access, decision and mobility. In this paper, we advance this research agenda by proposing the novel Bio-inspired time SynChronization protocol for CRAHNs (BSynC). The protocol draws on the spontaneous firefly synchronization observed in parts of Southeast Asia. The significance of BSynC lies in its capability of promoting symmetric time synchronization between pairs of network nodes independent of the network topology or a predefined sequence for synchronization. It enables the nodes in CRAHNs to synchronize in a decentralized manner efficiently, and is reliably. The findings presented in the paper suggest that BSynC improves convergence time, thereby favoring deployment in dynamic network scenarios.