Design of bow tie antenna in CST studio suite below 2GHz for ground penetrating radar applications

This paper explains how a bowtie antenna is to be designed for ground penetrating radar (GPR) applications. The considerations to be taken into account include to design the smallest antenna possible for low frequency range (below 2 GHz). This is because the test equipment used, Vector Network Analyzer by Agilent Technologies can only work up to 3 GHz. Bowtie antenna is chosen because it has better directivity compared to other antennas such as horn, and it is easier to fabricate using microstrip boards which are available in the university. At the end of the design, the operating frequency range is determined and the design is fabricated to be used for measuring samples like soil and concrete.