A new finite-difference time-domain formulation equivalent to the TLM symmetrical condensed node

A finite-difference-time-domain (FD-TD) formulation is shown to be exactly equivalent to the symmetrical condensed node model used in the transmission line matrix (TLM) method. The proposed FD-TD formulation results in a kind of condensed model where both electric and magnetic field components are defined at the center of a unit cell and at mid-points between adjacent nodes. Due to a better field resolution and fulfillment of continuity conditions, the FD-TD formulation or its TLM equivalent model is shown to have less dispersion and better accuracy than the traditional FD-TD method based on K.S. Yee´s (1966) scheme.<>