The mixed transversal and ladder adaptive filters with pulse order updates

Mixed transversal and ladder (MITAL) adaptive filter structures of exact least-square type are presented, which can be treated either as transversal forms or as ladders forms to meet requirements of different applications. Owing to the purely order-recursive characteristics, error propagation is eliminated and performance degradation in the conventional fast recursive-least-squares RLS algorithms, caused by limited-precision effects, does not occur in the structures. The outstanding numerical performance of the proposed adaptive filters is illustrated by computer simulations and comparison to other well-known fast recursive-least-squares structures.<>