Online calculation of operational force in bilateral control system under time-delay

This paper proposes a method to calculate operational force in time-delayed 4-channel bilateral control systems. In 4-channel bilateral control systems, operational force becomes unnecessary force for haptic sense transmission. Under time-delay, it is known that this force becomes larger than the force without time-delay. In this paper, it is shown that new force, communicative operational force, is generated in time-delayed 4-channel bilateral control, and a method for calculating the force is proposed. Furthermore, well-known conventional time-delay compensation methods, 3-channel bilateral control and CDOB, are interpreted from the view of communicative operational force. The validity of the proposed method is verified by some experiments.