Adaptability of Parabolic Wave Equation and Gaussian Beam Shooting methods to electromagnetic propagation in urban configurations

In spite of well-known limitations, ray based methods are the quasi-unique tool for modelling the electromagnetic propagation in urban areas. As an alternative to these methods, two models based on the resolution of the Parabolic Wave Equation, and on Gaussian Beam Shooting, are proposed. Both are specifically adapted to meet the challenges of urban areas propagation: three-dimensional, wide angle approximation and considering the backscatter propagation for the first one; taking into account ground and grazing angles for the second one. A preliminary test case is presented and configurations of interest under processing are detailed.