An optimized planning model for black-start units considering CCHP systems as start units

CCHP (combined cooling, heating and power) systems have good performance as black-start units. It is the most important black-start unit in areas which do not have hydro power units. In this paper, the CCHP system is designed and planned under extra consideration of it serving as a black-start unit. It puts forward an optimized planning (allocation) model for CCHP systems with the consideration of CCHP systems being black-start units. Based on the regional black-start units, black-start schemes and load conditions, the reliability of black-start, outage cost and investment on construction are calculated. Aiming to minimize outage cost and investment on construction, setting simulation results as constraints, building the optimized model and finally applying the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to attain the best solution. The analysis of example case indicates that the optimized planning proposed here is effective. It gives important reference for the design and planning of CCHP system.