A comprehensive framework for unidirectional vehicle-to-grid regulation services

As unidirectional vehicle-to-grid (V2G) regulation service bridges the power market and the automobile driving section, this paper formulates a framework to assess electric vehicles´ (EVs´) profiting from their regulation service providing. Based on real world considerations that could affect the performance of V2G, a framework for unidirectional V2G regulation service is presented in this paper, where a novel idea of V2G availability evaluation is proposed. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and clearly show that under an efficient market mechanism EVs can make profit when being charged. It is also found that V2G availability is of essence for evaluating EVs´ income from the power market. Moreover, the impact of aggregated preferred operating points (POPs) on daily load pattern is also investigated.