Title : 
Applied force during vitreoretinal microsurgery with handheld instruments
         
        
            Author : 
Jagtap, Anirudha D. ; Riviere, Cameron N.
         
        
            Author_Institution : 
Robotics Inst., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
         
        
        
        
        
        
            Abstract : 
Applied force was measured in vivo during vitreoretinal surgery in rabbits, in three types of task: membrane peeling, vessel puncture/cannulation, and vessel dissection. Quantitative results are presented and compared with similar measurements taken in vitro in a porcine retina, in which no scleral interaction is present.
         
        
            Keywords : 
biomedical measurement; biomembranes; blood vessels; eye; force sensors; medical robotics; microsensors; surgery; applied force measurement; cannulation; force sensor; handheld instruments; membrane peeling; porcine retina; vessel dissection; vessel puncture; vitreoretinal microsurgery; Force feedback; Force measurement; Force sensors; In vitro; Instruments; Microsurgery; Retina; Surgery; Testing; Video recording; force sensor; microsurgery;
         
        
        
        
            Conference_Titel : 
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2004. IEMBS '04. 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE
         
        
            Print_ISBN : 
0-7803-8439-3
         
        
        
            DOI : 
10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1403792