A statistical framework for image-based relighting

With image-based relighting (IBL), one can render realistic relit images of a scene without prior knowledge of object geometry in the scene. However, traditional IBL methods require a large number of basis images, each corresponding to a lighting pattern, to estimate the surface reflectance function (SRF) of the scene. We present a statistical approach to estimating the SRF which requires fewer basis images. We formulate the SRF estimation problem in a signal reconstruction framework. We use principal component analysis (PCA) (Duda, R.O. et al., "Pattern Classification, 2nd edition", p.115-17, Wiley Interscience, 2000) to show that the most effective lighting patterns for the data acquisition process are the SRF covariance matrix eigenvectors corresponding to the largest eigenvalues. In addition, we show that, for typical SRFs, especially when the objects have Lambertian surfaces, DCT-based lighting patterns perform as well as the optimal PCA-based lighting patterns. We compare SRF estimation performance of the statistical approach with traditional IBL techniques. Experimental results show that the statistical approach can achieve better performance with fewer basis images.