Human-computer interaction in assistive technology: from "Patchwork" to "Universal Design"

Personal computers offer people with disabilities new possibilities for personal autonomy and social integration. To be able to profit from computers, disabled users need interfaces that suit their skills and assist them in overcoming physical and cognitive barriers. The first experiences in adaptation of the equipment for people with disabilities were oriented to individual solutions and lacked generality. To excel this "Patchwork" approach, another design philosophy, Universal Design was outlined. HCI methods and tools are having a positive influence over interface design for people with disabilities and helped in the way to Universal Design. Nevertheless a long way has to be walked until this philosophy is widely generalized. For this goal some strategies are suggested: to use sound design methodologies oriented to guarantee accessibility and usability; to ensure user involvement in the design process; and to bear legal and ethical aspects in mind.