Improved Directed Diffusion Protocol Based on Visible Forwarding Path and Promoted Evaluation Criterion

Energy and communication capability of sensor nodes are limited in Wireless Sensor Networks. Directed diffusion (DD) is a classic data-centric routing protocol. For the deficiency of large energy consumption in periodical interest flooding and data detection, as well as the ignorance of nodes energy in path reinforcement, we propose an improved directed diffusion protocol based on Visible Forwarding path and Promoted Evaluation criterion (VFPE). During interest propagation, the maximum and minimum numbers of hops to sink node are recorded. Visible forwarding path is set up to reduce the forwarding scope of detection data. Considering energy of nodes and transmission distance, promoted evaluation criterion is adopted in path reinforcement phase to select an optimal node, so as to balance network energy consumption. Simulation results show that VFPE protocol has a great improvement in network performances such as nodes energy and average end-to-end delay.