Automated Verification of Power System Protection Schemes—Part II: Test Case Generation Using Swarm Intelligence

In Part II, we develop an efficient method for generating test cases that ensure early detection of design error. The proposed method uses the particle swarm optimization technique for the same. Also, we propose a sensitivity-based approach to rectify design errors. The proposed verification technique is applied on standard IEEE test systems and it is seen that it is possible to achieve better accuracy at significantly reduced computational complexity.