Influence of Slot and Pole Number Combinations on Voltage Distortion in Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines With Local Magnetic Saturation

The local magnetic saturation in tooth-tips of surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) machines generates on-load terminal voltage distortion, especially when small or closed slot openings are adopted. This paper focuses on investigating the influence of slot and pole number (N_s/2p) combinations on this phenomenon in both fractional slot and integer slot SPM machines. The mechanism of this phenomenon and how it is influenced by current advance angle and tooth-tip geometric parameters are introduced first. Then, voltage distortion pattern is proposed to analyze the occurring time or rotor positions of voltage ripples and their relative amplitudes according to the winding arrangements of different N_s/2p combinations, with the influence of PM leakage flux considered. By 2-D finite-element analysis, the voltage distortion of various machines is calculated and compared, such as N_s ± 1 = 2p, N_s ± 2 = 2p, N_s/2p = 3/2 (3/4), and integer slot machines with slot number per pole per phase q = 1 or 2. The analysis results reveal that under the same comparison conditions, the integer slot machines have less voltage distortion than the fractional slot machines, especially when q ≥ 2. Meanwhile, for the same slot number, the fractional slot machines with N₈ > 2p suffer from on-load voltage distortion less than their counterparts with N_s <; 2p. Finally, three prototype machines with 12/10, 12/14, and 12/8 slot/pole numbers are manufactured and tested to validate the analyses.