Regular Node Deployment for -Coverage in -Connected Wireless Networks

K-coverage is an important issue in many applications of m -connected wireless networks, such as localization of objects, mobile robotics, and tourism industry, where k ≥1 and m ≥ 1 . From the cost perspective, it is often very important to maintain the desired level of coverage and connectivity with a minimum number of nodes. In this paper, we address the problem of optimal deployment in term of the number of nodes required to achieve k -coverage in m -connected wireless networks under different values of k , m , coverage range, communication range, and area of the irregular field of interest (FoI). We divide the FoI into regular patterns and estimate the optimal distance between nodes and pattern for k -coverage in m -connected wireless networks. Next, we estimate the minimum number of nodes and their locations required for the coverage and connectivity. We validate the analysis and demonstrate the impact of k , m , coverage and communication ranges, and the FoI on the number of nodes using numerical, simulation, and prototype results.