A Review of Structural and Thermal Analysis of Traction Motors

Traction motors for hybrid electric powertrains have stringent operational requirements including delivering high torque at low speeds and high power at cruising speeds. They require a wide speed range and high efficiency along with high power density and mechanical robustness. Traction motors and their drives are also expected to deliver superior performance throughout the lifetime of the vehicle. Considering the extreme loading conditions, the motors should be designed for very strict thermal requirements. Therefore, all electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal variables must be thoroughly addressed in motor design. In this review paper, a summary of current structural and thermal simulation methods applicable for traction motors is presented. Prominent design issues along with appropriate analysis methodologies are explained. In addition, briefcase studies of electromagnetic, structural, and thermal analysis performed at Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) US LLC are highlighted. A detailed list of references and an analysis road map are also provided to aid practicing engineers and researchers involved in electric machine design.