Title :
Role of Surface Mode on Light Out-Coupling Characteristics of waveguide in Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Author :
Gondaira, Kou ; Ishizaki, Kenji ; Koumura, Masaki ; Asano, Takashi ; Noda, Susumu
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electron. Sci. & Eng., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan
Abstract :
The radiation pattern and out-coupling efficiency of light from the end surface of interlayer (oblique) waveguides in stacked-stripe 3-D photonic crystals are numerically investigated. It is shown that the coupling to the surface mode of the 3-D photonic crystal decreases the out-coupling efficiency to free-space modes down to 60%, whereas the reflection at the surface is negligibly small. The efficiency can be improved to 90% by introducing a 2-D grating-like structure to create a surface-mode gap, where surface modes are prohibited.
Keywords :
integrated optics; optical couplers; optical waveguides; photonic crystals; 2-D grating-like structure; interlayer waveguides; light out-coupling characteristics; radiation pattern; reflection; stacked-stripe 3-D photonic crystals; surface mode; surface-mode gap; Couplings; Optical surface waves; Optical waveguides; Photonic crystals; Photonics; Surface waves; Three-dimensional displays; Optical coupling; Optical surface waves; Optical waveguides; Photonic crystal; optical surface waves; optical waveguides; photonic crystal;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JLT.2015.2477439
