A 77-GHz FMCW Radar System Using On-Chip Waveguide Feeders in 65-nm CMOS

This paper presents a 77-GHz radar system using a transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) integrated with on-chip waveguide feeders in 65-nm CMOS. The newly proposed on-chip waveguide feeder shows the insertion loss of about 2 dB and more than 30% bandwidth. Additionally, both the Tx and Rx are integrated with internal ×10 frequency multipliers. Therefore, a radar system can be easily implemented without sensitive millimeter-wave packaging technology by mounting the Tx and Rx chips on the waveguide aperture. The interconnections for the low-frequency reference and baseband signals can be realized on the low-cost FR-4 printed circuit board. The radar system shows 9-dBm output power and 13-dB down-conversion gain from the waveguide port.