Analytical tool for the design and optimisation of high-speed lithium niobate thin-film Mach–Zehnder modulator

An analytical tool for the design and optimisation of high-speed electro-optical lithium niobate Mach-Zehnder modulators is developed. This is obtained by merging a closed-form approach for the radio-frequency (RF) propagation parameters of the coplanar waveguide forming the electrodes, and closed-form expressions relating the RF propagation parameters with the modulator bandwidth, driving voltage and length.