Statistical analysis on the bandwidth of a dual frequency textile antenna

A novel dual frequency, wide band textile antenna has been proposed. A slot cut out of a regular rectangular patch revealing a vertical dumbbell-shaped conducting region resonates at global positioning system (L1 and L3) and time division duplex long term evolution fourth generation bands. The radiation efficiencies of the antenna at the lower and upper resonant frequencies are 96 and 88%, respectively. The antenna is fabricated using double side silver coated conductive fabric on a denim substrate and experimentally validated. The textile antenna resonates from 1.435 to 1.81 GHz and from 2.755 to 3.19 GHz. The antenna has a bandwidth of 375 and 435 MHz, that is, fractional bandwidth of 25.08 and 12.6% at the lower and upper bands, respectively. The fabricated antenna is then subjected to bending, shear, stretching deformations and their effects on the bandwidth of the antenna are analysed using analysis of variance method. The significant factors and their percentage contribution on the bandwidth are also determined using the F-test. Finally, an empirical equation is derived for the designed antenna to compute the bandwidth and the results are validated.