Efficient hybrid video coders with spatial and temporal scalability

The paper deals with an efficient coder structure being appropriate for scalable coding of video. The coder consists of two motion-compensated hybrid coders with independent motion estimation and compensation. The structure implements spatial scalability or mixed spatial and temporal scalability that can be combined with fine granular SNR scalability. The encoder exhibits extended capabilities of adaptation to network throughput. The H.263 video coding standard is used as a reference but the results are also applicable to the MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and H.26L systems with minor modifications. The coder exhibits a high level of compatibility with standard H.263 and MPEG 2/4 coders.