Layout-aware scan chain synthesis for improved path delay fault coverage

Path delay fault testing becomes increasingly important due to higher clock rates and higher process variability caused by shrinking geometries. Achieving high-coverage path delay fault testing requires the application of scan justified test vector pairs, coupled with careful ordering of the scan flip-flops and/or insertion of dummy flip-flops in the scan chain. Previous works on scan synthesis for path delay fault testing using scan shifting have focused exclusively on maximizing fault coverage and/or minimizing the number of dummy flip-flops, but have disregarded the scan wire-length overhead. In this paper we consider both dummy flip-flop and wirelength costs, and focus on post-layout formulations that capture the achievable tradeoffs between these costs and delay fault coverage in scan chain synthesis.