Intelligent distributed state estimation using REI system equivalents and phasor measurements

In the framework of the deregulated electricity markets, the way in which old local grids operate has changed. The degree of interconnection increased, and local networks became parts of wide area power systems. As part of the need to upgrade the existing networks in order to cope with the new operating conditions, the concept of smart grids was proposed. A part of such a smart grid is a real time monitoring and control system, based on digital equipments. This paper proposes a method of improving the results of a distributed estimated algorithm by using REI equivalents for a more accurate representation of the influence of the remote system on a local subsystem, and synchronized voltage measurements provided by phasor measurement units installed in key points from the grid.