Constructing Execution and Life-Cycle Models for Smart City Services with Self-Aware IoT

Although various smart city projects are launched in all over the world, it is not obvious how to tailor the existing IoT and self-aware technologies for individual services, systematically. One of the reason is due to the lack of common view that can be used to investigate various smart city services across different domains. This paper proposes a domain-neutral execution model and an integrated life-cycle model of smart city services. We first identify essential activities for smart city services based on the city-as-a-state-machine concept. We then adopt goal-oriented thinking which clearly decomposes a goal and a means for each of the essential activities. By doing so, the proposed models can grasp essentials of any smart city service with domain-neutral activities and life cycles, while domain-specific parts can be varied by the means. Using the proposed models, we conduct a case study with smart car parking, where the proposed method compares the four different parking services. Finally, we develop ideas where and how the IoT and self-aware technologies can be applied effectively.