Initialization to grid-integrated BDFM under MPPT and dispatch modes

Initialization to the brushless doubly-fed induction machines (BDFMs) is necessary for grid integration, while not investigated. Based on the equivalent circuit, power and torque constraints during steady state are defined. Due to dependency of active power loss on stator voltage and power flow, BDFM under the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode is initialized by simultaneous solution to BDFM and system. Effectiveness of the reference power is decided by wind speed, thus the maximum active output under MPPT mode is compared with the reference power. If the former is larger than the latter, power dispatch is effective; the BDFM is seen as traditional PQ bus and solved after power flow solution; otherwise it remains MPPT mode and solved together with system. To improve convergence, the modified flat voltage starts based on the rotor slips or active branch powers is proposed. The numerical results validate feasibility and accuracy of the proposed model.