Approach for load frequency control participation by decentralized energy devices

Global trends of worldwide increasing energy demand, growing scarcity of fossil resources and increasing awareness of environment especially CO₂ emissions require a rethinking of today´s electrical power system. Thus, sustainable electric power generation, whose transmission and distribution gains more and more attention. Hence, a steadily increasing level of renewable energies is noticeable, which are predominantly connected to the medium and low voltage levels. At the same time, declining profitability and climate policy objectives are leading to gradual shutdown of conventional power plants. Because of those changes, today´s operation concepts and system responsibility policies have to be adjusted. The challenge is how to compensate the loss of controllable power generation especially in times of needed ancillary services like load frequency control. This paper outlines an approach for load frequency control participation by decentralized energy devices exemplarily for electric vehicles in Germany while taking the DSO objectives into account. The simulation shows that ancillary services can be provided from the DSO´s levels without endangering DSO system security.