Autonomous grid services through Electric Vehicles

Vehicle to Grid (V2G) service is being considered as a new value proposition for Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV). V2G service can be provided using unidirectional or bidirectional power flow and the control may be centralized or autonomous. V2G may be able to provide load following, balancing, or frequency regulation services which in the energy markets are described as one or a combination of regulation up, regulation down, or spinning reserves. This report offers a dynamic model for a prototype PEV charger which provides a spinning reserve service through unidirectional power flow and autonomous control. The impact of this device at scaled volumes is simulated in a model of the WECC grid. An economic model to estimate the value of this service at scaled volumes is also provided.