A distributed solution to real-time economic dispatch problem under power flow congestion

The shortcoming of conventional power system operation is manifest: economic dispatch (ED) only optimizes generation schedule periodically, and any power change of distributed generators or system loads can make the power outputs of the generating units deviate from the optimality. To this end, a distributed real-time ED approach is introduced, which integrates ED and secondary frequency control, and considers power balance, power flow limit and generation limit constraints at the same time. With distributed measure of system frequency and line flows, the proposed approach can achieve ED in the real-time and the system frequency can be stabilized to the nominal value. Simulation results in IEEE 9-bus test system validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.