Application of carbon intensity in generation expansion planning: A comparative study

Generation expansion planning (GEP), which integrates various environmental constraints under low-carbon economy, is a challenging problem due to its complexity. In this paper, different carbon intensity indexes are introduced to simplify the GEP problem. Marginal carbon intensity (MCI) and footprint carbon intensity (FCI) are mathematically formulated, and their corresponding GEP methods are provided. Based on a modified IEEE RTS 24-bus system, a comparative analysis of these methods in terms of carbon abatement and electricity purchasing cost is presented. Furthermore, the correlations between the methods are given to illustrate the simulation results. Finally, the general characteristics of each method are concluded.