Numerical analyses of all-optical retiming switches employing the cascaded second-order nonlinear effect in quasi-phase matched lithium niobate devices: Effects of device fabrication errors

We analyze characteristics of all-optical retiming switches using the cascade of second harmonic generation and difference frequency mixing in quasi-phase matched lithium niobate waveguides with consideration for the device fabrication errors. While the switching efficiency and the retiming function are independent of the random duty-cycle error, the random period error causes significant deterioration of the output signal.