Arbitrary phase shifters with increasing phase

This paper describes a new class of the versatile network elements for analog signal processing; two-ports with frequency dependent phase shift which starts with arbitrary value and tends towards different but still arbitrary value. Speaking in terms of the complex frequency response plotted in polar coordinates the characteristics can connect any two lines in any segment. The idea behind this concept is in utilization of coupled two-terminal devices which are able to keep constant phase shift between driving force and response signal from dc up to infinite frequency; the so-called constant phase elements. The passive realizations of these constant phase elements as well as the proposed network structures based on positive second generation current conveyors are verified by Orcad Pspice circuit simulator as well as experimental measurement.