Investigation of difference of origin of ROS generated in a cell by frequency components of pulsed electric field

High voltage short pulse can provide new biological and medical applications for example sterilization and cancer treatment. When the pulsed voltage is applied to a cell, the constituent of the cell that the voltage is applied to is different at frequency of the voltage. When low frequency voltage is applied to the cell, the voltage concentrates to the cell membrane. It is presumed that the pulsed electric field with low frequency component causes breakdown of the cell membrane. If the breakdown occurs in the cell membrane, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) must be detected in the cell. On the other hand, when high frequency voltage is applied to the cell, the voltage concentrates to the inside of the cell. If the voltage is enough high, it causes cytotoxicity. In this case, also, ROS generated at a mitochondria must be detected in the cell. Eventually ROS is detected in both cases. Therefore, we have investigated the frequency characteristic of origin of ROS generated in the cell by frequency components of pulsed electric field. This investigation will be an evidence that the breakdown occurs in the cell membrane by pulsed electric field.