An extremum-seeking controller for dynamic metamaterial antenna operation

Continuous beam pattern control of holographic metamaterial antennas during operation is necessary to realize the potential of these devices for mass usage of satellite communication. In this brief work, we introduce a feedback control approach that enables the dynamic operation of the metamaterial antenna by demonstrating an adaptive controller that is designed to optimize beam performance throughout changing environmental conditions and, thus, changing metamaterial response. We show in this work how the physical advantages of the metamaterial antenna can be enhanced when paired with adaptive software strategies to self-tune for varying environmental conditions.