A novel method for determination of suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere using array antennas

In many places, atmospheric pollution is a serious public health problem. The respiratory systems of children and the aged are particularly affected; for the most vulnerable, atmospheric pollution can be mortal. Other environmental effects include reduction of the ozone layer (which in turn favours skin cancers), and damage to the fabric of buildings and monuments. The sources of atmospheric pollution include both mobile emitters (mainly motor vehicles, but also livestock) and stationary sources (notably cement works and power stations). The main components of atmospheric pollution are (depending on source) carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), heavy metals (mainly lead), ozone, mononitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) (generally associated with specific industrial activity), and airborne particulate matter. Each of these components poses a health threat.