Analysis of currents on receiving antennas using characteristic modes

This paper analyzes the current distribution and the scattering properties for a loaded antenna using the theory of characteristic modes. The current distribution on an antenna with a load when electromagnetic fields are incident are as follows (A. Alu, “Power Relations and a Consistent Analytical Model for Receiving Wire Antennas,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 58, no. 5, pp.1436–1448, May. 2010): equation where V^oc is the open-circuit voltage in the equivalent circuit for a receiving antenna and is determined with equation In (1) and (2), J^R is the current density on a loaded antenna, J^S is the current density on a short-circuited antenna when the same field is incident, J^T is the current density on an antenna in the transmitting mode, and Ip^T is the total current at the feed point of a transmitting antenna when the current density is J^T. ZL is the load impedance, Zin is the input impedance of an antenna, and Eⁱ is the incident electric field intensity.