Adaptively matched dual band GPS antenna for plasma environments

Re-entry vehicles oftentimes experience diminished electromagnetic sensing and communication capabilities due to the buildup of dense plasmas produced by interactions of the vehicle surface with the atmosphere. Under extreme conditions, a thin but very dense plasma shell formed around the vehicle blocks all communication. During the communication blackout, the vehicle navigates via inertial motion sensors. That said, these sensors are prone to error accumulation and consequently incapable of accurately pinpointing the position and orientation of the vehicle for extended periods of time. Therefore, robust GPS antennas that are insensitive to plasma loading are crucial for improving re-entry vehicles´ navigational accuracy.