Modeling and measurement of the influence of antenna transversal location on tunnel propagation

The ray tracing and modal methods are applied to model the influence of antenna location (within the tunnel cross section) on tunnel propagation. Measurement results in a railroad tunnel are provided to validate the models. Simulation results are shown to agree with measurement results well. Both simulation and measurement results suggest that more receive power can be obtained by placing the transmitter or receiver antenna close to the center location of the tunnel cross section.