A Yagi monopole antenna made of pure water

A pure-water Yagi monopole operating at 1.62 GHz is presented in this paper, which comprises a probe-fed water monopole as the driven element and a water cylinder as the parasitic element. Both the driven and parasitic elements are isolated from the ground plane of infinite size using a thin layer of Teflon. By varying the diameter and radius of the parasitic element and the spacing between the two water cylinders, a unidirectional far field pattern can be obtained. Simulation results show that a maximum gain of 9.3 dB and a fractional bandwidth of 24.7% are achieved. The operating frequency can be tuned by changing the heights of the cylinders, covering a wide range from 1.22 GHz to 2.08 GHz.