Evolving strategies to help resolve tragedy of the commons social dilemmas

Social dilemmas require individuals to choose between their own interests (by defecting) or group interests (by cooperating). N-player mathematical games such as public goods games have been extensively investigated to identify circumstances that promote cooperation in social dilemmas. In this paper the tragedy of the commons, a related social dilemma, is investigated. The population consists of cooperators, defectors and altruists. It is shown it is possible to evolve strategies that resolve (i.e., solve) a tragedy of the commons social dilemma. It will also be shown how trigger strategies can significantly increase cooperation levels in the population. Proximate explanations for why these trigger strategies work are offered.